{"id":4276,"date":"2025-03-02T20:50:48","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T13:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2025-03-02T20:50:49","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T13:50:49","slug":"thiet-ke-vi-mach-thong-qua-cac-cong-cu-ma-nguon-mo-skywater-pdk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/?p=4276","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf SkyWater PDK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch (VLSI &#8211; Very Large Scale Integration) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a <strong>SkyWater PDK<\/strong> &#8211; m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o vi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 SkyWater PDK, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t vi m\u1ea1ch ASIC t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. SkyWater PDK l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SkyWater PDK (Process Design Kit) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi <strong>SkyWater Technology<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>Google<\/strong>. B\u1ed9 PDK n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SPICE, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>130nm<\/strong> c\u1ee7a SkyWater. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ASIC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi SkyWater PDK, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Magic<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf layout vi m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m tra quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (DRC) v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OpenROAD<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ASIC t\u1eeb RTL \u0111\u1ebfn GDSII, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean layout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yosys<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p logic gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3 Verilog sang netlist c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Klayout<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 xem v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda layout m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 GDSII.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NGSPICE<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng SPICE cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OpenLane<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb RTL \u0111\u1ebfn GDSII, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 SkyWater PDK.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SkyWater PDK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t vi m\u1ea1ch ASIC v\u1edbi SkyWater PDK s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 RTL<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 <strong>Verilog<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a vi m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p logic (Synthesis)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>Yosys<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u00e3 Verilog th\u00e0nh netlist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed (Placement &amp; Routing)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>OpenROAD<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>OpenLane<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ki\u1ec3m tra quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (DRC &amp; LVS)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>Magic<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9ng <strong>Netgen<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh layout v\u1edbi netlist nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh (Simulation &amp; Verification)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>NGSPICE<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9ng <strong>Verilator<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra logic s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Xu\u1ea5t file GDSII v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xu\u1ea5t file <strong>GDSII<\/strong> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi \u0111i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a SkyWater PDK trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SkyWater PDK mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gi\u00fap sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ASIC<\/strong> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/strong>, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a SkyWater PDK \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch, gi\u00fap c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ASIC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 Magic, OpenROAD, Yosys, OpenLane, SkyWater PDK \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi m\u1ea1ch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng SkyWater PDK sang c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p vi m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SkyWater PDK: <a>https:\/\/github.com\/google\/skywater-pdk<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OpenROAD Project: <a>https:\/\/github.com\/The-OpenROAD-Project<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OpenLane: <a>https:\/\/github.com\/efabless\/openlane<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Magic VLSI: <a>http:\/\/opencircuitdesign.com\/magic\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yosys: <a>http:\/\/www.clifford.at\/yosys\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch (VLSI &#8211; Very Large Scale Integration) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a SkyWater PDK &#8211; m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e3&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4276"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4277,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4276\/revisions\/4277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labantrithuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}